Occupational Respiratory Disease

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Introduction and Causes

Repeated and long-term exposure to certain irritants on the job can lead to various lung diseases that may have lasting effects, even after exposure ceases.

working in a car garage, textile factory, or coal mine can expose a person to hazardous chemicals, dust, and fibers that may lead to a lifetime of lung problems if not correctly diagnosed and treated.

Diagnosis 

Diagnosis of Occupational lung diseases usually requires an initial chest X-ray or CT scan for a clinical diagnosis. In addition, various tests may be performed to determine the type and severity of the lung disease, including:

  • Pulmonary function tests.
  • Biochemical and cellular studies of lung fluids
  • Measurement of respiratory or gas exchange function
  • Examination of airway or bronchial activity 
  • A microscopic examination from a biopsy or autopsy of tissue, cells, and fluids from the lung.

Symptoms of an occupational lung disease

Symptoms of occupational lung disease include

  • Coughing

  • Shortness of breath

  • Chest pain

  • Chest tightness

  • Abnormal breathing pattern


Treatment 

Treatment of Occupational Respiratory Disease

  • will be determined by your doctor based on
  • Your age, overall health, and medical history
  • Extent and type of lung disease
  • Your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
  • Expectations for the course of the disease
  • Your opinion or preference

The best prevention for occupational lung diseases is avoidance of the inhaled substances that cause lung diseases. The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute recommends taking other preventive measures, as well, including:

  • not smoking. 

  • Wearing proper protective devices

  • Educating your workers concerning the risks of lung disease.

  • Hiring a specially-trained occupational health expert to investigate your work environment for risks for occupational lung diseases.

Types

Types of Occupational Respiratory Disease include


  1. Asbestosis
    This is caused when a person breathes in tiny asbestos fibers. Over time, this leads to lung scarring and stiffening of the lungs.

  2. Black lung disease
    This is caused by breathing coal dust. It causes lung inflammation and scarring.

  3. Silicosis
    This condition is caused by breathing in airborne crystalline silica. This is a dust found in the air of mines, foundries, and blasting operations. It is also found in the air of stone, clay, and glass manufacturing facilities. It causes lung scarring. It can also increase the risk of other lung diseases.

  4. Brown lung disease
    This is caused by breathing in dust from hemp, flax, and cotton processing. It affects textile workers, especially those who work with unprocessed cotton.

  5. Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
    This is an allergic lung disease. It is caused by lung inflammation that happens from breathing in many different substances. These include fungus spores, bacteria, animal or plant protein, or certain chemicals. The disease causes inflamed air sacs in the lungs. It leads to fibrous scar tissue in the lungs and trouble breathing.

  6. Work-related asthma.
    This is caused by breathing in dust, gases, fumes, and vapors. It causes asthma symptoms such as a chronic cough and wheezing.

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